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BONUS INTEGRAL:
BONUS INTEGRAL -Integrated carboN and TracE Gas monitoRing for the bALtic sea – Part of IOW

Duration:
01.07.2017 - 30.09.2020
Project manager:
Prof. Dr. Gregor Rehder
Funding:
BONUS / BMBF
Website:
http://to
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Researchfoci:
Focus 2: Basin-scale ecosystem dynamics
Cross-Cutting Activity: Innovative Instrumentation
Partners:
GEOMAR - Helmholtz Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI)
University of Uppsala

Several of the European nations are investing in the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS). Finland, Sweden, and Germany are already partners of the ICOS ERIC with established infrastructure, other countries like Poland and Estonia are currently in the process of developing their strategy. While the overall aim of ICOS is to provide European-wide carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas (GG) concentration and flux data, an integration for the Baltic Sea region has not been pursued, and the added value of ICOS and related infrastructure for the Baltic Sea ecosystem assessment has not been exploited at all.

Within BONUS INTEGRAL, we will
- Integrate the different data streams of ICOS and related infrastructure in the pan-Baltic area,
- Provide best charts of seasonal carbon dioxide and GG flux over the Baltic Sea, including advanced remote sensing approaches,
- Integrate the carbon system into a high resolution 3D-model, which will allow for a better description of the biogeochemical coupling of eutrophication and deoxygenation
- Demonstrate the added value for a better biogeochemical ecosystem status description of the Baltic Sea, - Advice the implementation of ICOS in the southeastern countries of the Baltic, and actively promote components strengthening the value for Baltic Sea ecosystem status assessment,
- Develop, in close interaction with stakeholders, the strategy for a better, cost efficient monitoring approach for the Baltic Sea by integration of ICOS and related data 

Publikationen

  • Bittig, H. C., E. Jacobs, T. Neumann and G. Rehder (2024). A regional pCO2 climatology of the Baltic Sea from in situ pCO2 observations and a model-based extrapolation approach. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 16: 753-773, doi: 10.5194/essd-16-753-2024
  • Gustafsson, E., J. Carstensen, V. Fleming, B. G. Gustafsson, L. Hoikkala and G. Rehder (2023). Causes and consequences of acidification in the Baltic Sea: implications for monitoring and management. Sci. Rep. 13: 16322, doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-43596-8
  • Bittig, H. C., Jacobs, E., Neumann, T., & Rehder, G. (2023). A regional pCO2 climatology of the Baltic Sea [Data set]. PANGAEA, doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.961119
  • Kuliński, K., G. Rehder, E. Asmala, A. Bartosova, J. Carstensen, B. Gustafsson, P. O. J. Hall, C. Humborg, T. Jilbert, K. Jürgens, H. E. M. Meier, B. Müller-Karulis, M. Naumann, J. E. Olesen, O. Savchuk, A. Schramm, C. P. Slomp, M. Sofiev, A. Sobek, B. Szymczycha and E. Undeman (2022). Biogeochemical functioning of the Baltic Sea. Earth Syst. Dynam. 13: 633-685, doi: 10.5194/esd-13-633-2022
  • Friedlingstein, P., M. W. Jones, M. O'Sullivan, R. M. Andrew, D. C. E. Bakker, J. Hauck, C. Le Quere, G. P. Peters, W. Peters, J. Pongratz, S. Sitch, J. G. Canadell, P. Ciais, R. B. Jackson, S. R. Alin, P. Anthoni, N. R. Bates, M. Becker, N. Bellouin, L. Bopp, T. T. T. Chau, F. Chevallier, L. P. Chini, M. Cronin, K. I. Currie, B. Decharme, L. M. Djeutchouang, X. Y. Dou, W. Evans, R. A. Feely, L. Feng, T. Gasser, D. Gilfillan, T. Gkritzalis, G. Grassi, L. Gregor, N. Gruber, O. Gurses, I. Harris, R. A. Houghton, G. C. Hurtt, Y. Iida, T. Ilyina, I. T. Luijkx, A. Jain, S. D. Jones, E. Kato, D. Kennedy, K. K. Goldewijk, J. Knauer, J. I. Korsbakken, A. Kortzinger, P. Landschutzer, S. K. Lauvset, N. Lefevre, S. Lienert, J. J. Liu, G. Marland, P. C. McGuire, J. R. Melton, D. R. Munro, J. E. M. S. Nabel, S. I. Nakaoka, Y. Niwa, T. Ono, D. Pierrot, B. Poulter, G. Rehder, L. Resplandy, E. Robertson, C. Rodenbeck, T. M. Rosan, J. Schwinger, C. Schwingshackl, R. Seferian, A. J. Sutton, C. Sweeney, T. Tanhua, P. P. Tans, H. Q. Tian, B. Tilbrook, F. Tubiello, G. R. van der Werf, N. Vuichard, C. Wada, R. Wanninkhof, A. J. Watson, D. Willis, A. J. Wiltshire, W. P. Yuan, C. Yue, X. Yue, S. Zaehle and J. Y. Zeng (2022). Global Carbon Budget 2021. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 14: 1917-2005, doi: 10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022
  • Sanders, T., J. Thomsen, J. D. Müller, G. Rehder and F. Melzner (2021). Decoupling salinity and carbonate chemistry: low calcium ion concentration rather than salinity limits calcification in Baltic Sea mussels. Biogeosciences 18: 2573-2590, doi: 10.5194/bg-18-2573-2021
  • Gutiérrez-Loza, L., M. B. Wallin, E. Sahlée, T. Holding, J. D. Shutler, G. Rehder and A. Rutgersson (2021). Air-sea CO2 exchange in the Baltic Sea - A sensitivity analysis of the gas transfer velocity. J. Mar. Syst. 222: 103603, doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2021.103603
  • Becker, M., A. Olsen, P. Landschützer, A. Omar, G. Rehder, C. Rödenbeck and I. Skjelvan (2021). The northern European shelf as an increasing net sink for CO2. Biogeosciences 18: 1127-1147, doi: 10.5194/bg-18-1127-2021
  • Müller, J. D., B. Schneider, U. Gräwe, P. Fietzek, M. B. Wallin, A. Rutgersson, N. Wasmund, S. Krüger and G. Rehder (2021). Cyanobacteria net community production in the Baltic Sea as inferred from profiling pCO2 measurements. Biogeosciences 18: 4889-4917, doi: 10.5194/bg-18-4889-2021
  • Müller, J.D., Schneider, B., Gräwe, U., Fietzek, P., Wallin, M.B., Rutgersson, A., Wasmund, N., Krüger, S., Rehder, G. (2021). Cyanobacteria net community production in the Baltic Sea as inferred from profiling pCO2 measurements.. Biogeosciences discuss. 18: 4889 - 4917, doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4889-2021
  • Jacobs, E., H. C. Bittig, U. Gräwe, C. A. Graves, M. Glockzin, J. D. Müller, B. Schneider and G. Rehder (2021). Upwelling-induced trace gas dynamics in the baltic sea inferred from 8 years of autonomous measurements on a ship of opportunity. Biogeosciences 18: 2679-2709, doi: 10.5194/bg-2020-365
  • Wilson, S. T., A. N. Al-Haj, A. Bourbonnais, C. Frey, R. W. Fulweiler, J. D. Kessler, H. K. Marchant, J. Milucka, N. E. Ray, P. Suntharalingam, B. F. Thornton, R. C. Upstill-Goddard, T. S. Weber, D. L. Arévalo-Martínez, H. W. Bange, H. M. Benway, D. Bianchi, A. V. Borges, B. X. Chang, P. M. Crill, D. A. del Valle, L. Farías, S. B. Joye, A. Kock, J. Labidi, C. C. Manning, J. W. Pohlman, G. Rehder, K. J. Sparrow, P. D. Tortell, T. Treude, D. L. Valentine, B. B. Ward, S. Yang and L. N. Yurganov (2020). Ideas and perspectives: A strategic assessment of methane and nitrous oxide measurements in the marine environment. Biogeosciences 17: 5809-5828, doi: 10.5194/bg-17-5809-2020
  • Olsen, A., N. Lange, R. M. Key, T. Tanhua, H. C. Bittig, A. Kozyr, M. Alvarez, K. Azetsu-Scott, S. Becker, P. J. Brown, B. R. Carter, L. C. da Cunha, R. A. Feely, S. van Heuven, M. Hoppema, M. Ishii, E. Jeansson, S. Jutterstrom, C. S. Landa, S. K. Lauvset, P. Michaelis, A. Murata, F. F. Perez, B. Pfeil, C. Schirnick, R. Steinfeldt, T. Suzuki, B. Tilbrook, A. Velo, R. Wanninkhof and R. J. Woosley (2020). An updated version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product, GLODAPv2.2020. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 12: 3653-3678, doi: 10.5194/essd-12-3653-2020
  • Jacobs, E., H. C. Bittig, U. Gräwe, C. A. Graves, M. Glockzin, J. D. Müller, B. Schneider and G. Rehder (2020). Upwelling-induced trace gas dynamics in the Baltic Sea inferred from 8 years of autonomous measurements on a ship of opportunity. Biogeosciences Discuss. 2020: 1-38, doi: 10.5194/bg-2020-365
  • Friedlingstein, P., M. O'Sullivan, M. W. Jones, R. M. Andrew, J. Hauck, A. Olsen, G. P. Peters, W. Peters, J. Pongratz, S. Sitch, C. Le Quere, J. G. Canadell, P. Ciais, R. B. Jackson, S. Alin, L. Aragao, A. Arneth, V. Arora, N. R. Bates, M. Becker, A. Benoit-Cattin, H. C. Bittig, L. Bopp, S. Bultan, N. Chandra, F. Chevallier, L. P. Chini, W. Evans, L. Florentie, P. M. Forster, T. Gasser, M. Gehlen, D. Gilfillan, T. Gkritzalis, L. Gregor, N. Gruber, I. Harris, K. Hartung, V. Haverd, R. A. Houghton, T. Ilyina, A. K. Jain, E. Joetzjer, K. Kadono, E. Kato, V. Kitidis, J. I. Korsbakken, P. Landschutzer, N. Lefevre, A. Lenton, S. Lienert, Z. Liu, D. Lombardozzi, G. Marland, N. Metzl, D. R. Munro, J. Nabel, S. I. Nakaoka, Y. Niwa, K. O'Brien, T. Ono, P. I. Palmer, D. Pierrot, B. Poulter, L. Resplandy, E. Robertson, C. Rodenbeck, J. Schwinger, R. Seferian, I. Skjelvan, A. J. P. Smith, A. J. Sutton, T. Tanhua, P. P. Tans, H. Tian, B. Tilbrook, G. Van der Werf, N. Vuichard, A. P. Walker, R. Wanninkhof, A. J. Watson, D. Willis, A. J. Wiltshire, W. P. Yuan, X. Yue and S. Zaehle (2020). Global Carbon Budget 2020. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 12: 3269-3340, doi: 10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020
  • Stokowski, M., B. Schneider, G. Rehder and K. Kuliński (2020). The characteristics of the CO2 system of the Oder River estuary (Baltic Sea). J. Mar. Syst. 211: 103418, doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2020.103418
  • Bange, H. W., D. L. Arévalo-Martinez, M. de la Paz, L. Farias, J. Kaiser, A. Kock, C. S. Law, A. P. Rees, G. Rehder, P. D. Tortell, R. C. Upstill-Goddard and S. T. Wilson (2019). A harmonized nitrous oxide (N2O) ocean observation network for the 21st century. Front. Mar. Sci. 6: 157, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00157
  • Steinhoff, T., T. Gkritzalis, S. K. Lauvset, S. Jones, U. Schuster, A. Olsen, M. Becker, R. Bozzano, F. Brunetti, C. Cantoni, V. Cardin, D. Diverrès, B. Fiedler, A. Fransson, M. Giani, S. Hartman, M. Hoppema, E. Jeansson, T. Johannessen, V. Kitidis, A. Körtzinger, C. Landa, N. Lefèvre, A. Luchetta, L. Naudts, P. D. Nightingale, A. M. Omar, S. Pensieri, B. Pfeil, R. Castaño-Primo, G. Rehder, A. Rutgersson, R. Sanders, I. Schewe, G. Siena, I. Skjelvan, T. Soltwedel, S. van Heuven and A. Watson (2019). Constraining the oceanic uptake and fluxes of greenhouse gases by building an ocean network of certified stations: The ocean component of the Integrated Carbon Observation System, ICOS-Oceans. Front. Mar. Sci. 6: 544, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00544
  • Friedlingstein, P., M. W. Jones, M. O'Sullivan, R. M. Andrew, J. Hauck, G. P. Peters, W. Peters, J. Pongratz, S. Sitch, C. Le Quere, D. C. E. Bakker, J. G. Canadell, P. Ciais, R. B. Jackson, P. Anthoni, L. Barbero, A. Bastos, V. Bastrikov, M. Becker, L. Bopp, E. Buitenhuis, N. Chandra, F. Chevallier, L. P. Chini, K. I. Currie, R. A. Feely, M. Gehlen, D. Gilfillan, T. Gkritzalis, D. S. Goll, N. Gruber, S. Gutekunst, I. Harris, V. Haverd, R. A. Houghton, G. Hurtt, T. Ilyina, A. K. Jain, E. Joetzjer, J. O. Kaplan, E. Kato, K. K. Goldewijk, J. I. Korsbakken, P. Landschützer, S. K. Lauvset, N. Lefèvre, A. Lenton, S. Lienert, D. Lombardozzi, G. Marland, P. C. McGuire, J. R. Melton, N. Metzl, D. R. Munro, J. E. M. S. Nabel, S.-I. Nakaoka, C. Neill, A. M. Omar, T. Ono, A. Peregon, D. Pierrot, B. Poulter, G. Rehder, L. Resplandy, E. Robertson, C. Rödenbeck, R. Séférian, J. Schwinger, N. Smith, P. P. Tans, H. Tian, B. Tilbrook, F. N. Tubiello, G. R. van der Werf, A. J. Wiltshire and S. Zaehle (2019). Global Carbon Budget 2019. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 11: 1783-1838, doi: 10.5194/essd-11-1783-2019
  • Holding, T., I. G. Ashton, J. D. Shutler, P. E. Land, P. D. Nightingale, A. P. Rees, I. Brown, J.-F. Piolle, A. Kock, H. W. Bange, D. K. Woolf, L. Goddijn-Murphy, R. Pereira, F. Paul, F. Girard-Ardhuin, B. Chapron, G. Rehder, F. Ardhuin and C. J. Donlon (2019). The FluxEngine air-sea gas flux toolbox: simplified interface and extensions for in situ analyses and multiple sparingly soluble gases. Ocean Sci. 15: 1707-1728, doi: 10.5194/os-15-1707-2019
  • Palacz, A. P., M. Telszewski, G. Rehder and H. C. Bittig (2019). Training the Next Generation of Marine Biogeochemists Eos. Earth & Space Science News. AGU, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO136334
  • Wanninkhof, R., P. A. Pickers, A. M. Omar, A. Sutton, A. Murata, A. Olsen, B. B. Stephens, B. Tilbrook, D. Munro, D. Pierrot, G. Rehder, J. M. Santana-Casiano, J. D. Müller, J. Trinanes, K. Tedesco, K. O’Brien, K. Currie, L. Barbero, M. Telszewski, M. Hoppema, M. Ishii, M. González-Dávila, N. R. Bates, N. Metzl, P. Suntharalingam, R. A. Feely, S.-i. Nakaoka, S. K. Lauvset, T. Takahashi, T. Steinhoff and U. Schuster (2019). A Surface Ocean CO2 Reference Network, SOCONET and associated Marine Boundary Layer CO2 measurements. Front. Mar. Sci. 6: 400, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00400
  • Morf, A., J. Moodie, K. Gee, A. Giacometti, M. Kull, J. Piwowarczyk, K. Schiele, J. Zaucha, I. Kellecioglu, A. Luttmann and H. Strand (2019). Towards sustainability of marine governance: Challenges and enablers for stakeholder integration in transboundary marine spatial planning in the Baltic Sea. Ocean Coastal Manage. 177: 200-212, doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.04.009
  • Schneider, B. and S. Otto (2019). Organic matter mineralization in the deep water of the Gotland Basin (Baltic Sea): Rates and oxidant demand. J. Mar. Syst. 195: 20-29, doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2019.03.006
  • Le Quéré, C., R. M. Andrew, P. Friedlingstein, S. Sitch, J. Hauck, J. Pongratz, P. A. Pickers, J. I. Korsbakken, G. P. Peters, J. G. Canadell, A. Arneth, V. K. Arora, L. Barbero, A. Bastos, L. Bopp, F. Chevallier, L. P. Chini, P. Ciais, S. C. Doney, T. Gkritzalis, D. S. Goll, I. Harris, V. Haverd, F. M. Hoffmann, M. Hoppema, R. A. Houghton, G. Hurtt, T. Ilyina, A. K. Jain, T. Johannessen, C. D. Jones, E. Kato, R. F. Keeling, K. Klein Goldwijk, P. Landschützer, N. Lefèvre, S. Lienert, Z. Liu, D. Lombardozzi, N. Metzl, D. R. Munro, J. E. M. S. Nabel, S.-i. Nakaoka, C. Neill, A. Olsen, T. Ono, P. Patra, A. Peregon, W. Peters, P. Peylin, B. Pfeil, D. Pierrot, B. Poulter, G. Rehder, L. Resplandy, E. Robertson, M. Rocher, C. Rödenbeck, U. Schuster, J. Schwinger, R. Séférian, I. Skjelvan, T. Steinhoff, A. Sutton, P. P. Tans, H. Tian, B. Tilbrook, F. N. Tubiello, I. T. van der Laan-Luijkx, G. R. Van der Werf, N. Viovy, A. P. Walker, A. J. Wiltshire, R. Wright, S. Zaehle and B. Zheng (2018). Global Carbon Budget 2018. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 10: 2141-2194, doi: 10.5194/essd-10-2141-2018
  • Müller, J. D., B. Schneider, S. Aßmann and G. Rehder (2018). Spectrophotometric pH measurements in the presence of dissolved organic matter and hydrogen sulfide. Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. 16: 68-82, doi: 10.1002/lom3.10227
  • Müller, J. D., F. Bastkowski, B. Sander, S. Seitz, D. R. Turner, A. G. Dickson and G. Rehder (2018). Metrology for pH measurements in brackish waters - Part 1: Extending electrochemical pHT measurements of TRIS buffers to salinities 5-20. Front. Mar. Sci. 5: 176, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00176
  • Müller, J. D. and G. Rehder (2018). Metrology of pH measurements in brackish waters - Part 2: Experimental characterization of purified meta-Cresol purple for spectrophotometric pHT measurements. Front. Mar. Sci. 5: 177, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00177